AGA releases evidence-based GERD guidelines Oct 22, 2008
21, 2008) Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) is one of the most common gastrointestinal conditions seen in GI and primary care clinics, however physicians who treat the disease primarily rely on empirical trials of medications and their own observations and experience to manage their patients. Therefore, the American Gastroenterological Association (AGA) Institute has published evidence-based guidelines for the management and treatment of suspected GERD. The guidelines, which are the first... (EurekAlert!)
Obama to leave trail and visit sick grandmother Oct 21, 2008
By Caren Bohan Caren Bohan. Mon Oct 20, 11:31 pm ET Featured Topics. (Yahoo News -- Top Stories)
FDA Adds Three Months to Review of Takeda's New Drug Application for TAK-390MR Oct 20, 2008
"The FDA informed Takeda that it will require an additional three months to complete the review of the TAK-390MR NDA," said Dean Sundberg, senior vice president, regulatory affairs at Takeda Global Research and Development Center, Inc. "Takeda has been very responsive to all questions posed during the review cycle. Such dialogue between a sponsor company and the FDA is common during the review of any NDA. The FDA needs this time to review the total package of information contained in the NDA.... (PR Newswire)
Multi-Centre European Clinical Trial Shows Advanced Dysplasia and Early Cancer of Esophagus Cured With Combined Endoscopic Resection and Radiofrequency Ablation With HALO Ablation System Oct 20, 2008
Population-based studies estimate that Barrett's esophagus affects approximately six million European and US adults and is a complication of a disorder called gastroesophageal reflux disease or GERD. Once diagnosed, Barrett's can worsen over time, developing dysplasia and esophageal adenocarcinoma (cancer), as in this study. Once dysplasia or cancer occurs, an esophagectomy (surgical removal of the entire esophagus) has been the first-line therapy. (PR Newswire)
Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease Oct 16, 2008
Volume 359:1700-1707. Peter J. Kahrilas, M.D.. (New England Journal of Medicine)
What is the relationship between laryngopharyngeal reflux and reflux esophagitis? Oct 11, 2008
The association between gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) and laryngeal disorders has been recognized since the late 1960s. Chronic laryngeal signs and symptoms associated GERD are often referred to as reflux laryngitis or laryngopharyngeal reflux (LPR). (EurekAlert!)
New Study Finds Summer Is Peak Season For Diagnosis Of Esophagus Disorder Oct 7, 2008
6, 2008) Most people who experience chronic heartburn have symptoms that are caused by gastroesophageal reflux disease, or GERD. Two new studies presented at the 73rd Annual Scientific Meeting of the American College of Gastroenterology examined eosinophilic esophagitis (EoE), a condition that can mimic symptoms of GERD, in a small proportion of people. See also. (Science Daily)
Acid Reflux Linked to Chronic Croup Sep 23, 2008
"In addition, a number of children have findings that appear to indicate that they have gastroesophageal reflux disease.". In gastroesophageal reflux disease, stomach acid causes swelling and inflammation of the larynx, which narrows the airway, Muntz explained ... Muntz thinks that identifying children with gastroesophageal reflux disease could help treat and improve recurring croup. (MEDLINEplus)
Heartburn Is Not Harmless Sep 21, 2008
But people who suffer from it twice a week or more may have GERD, or gastroesophageal reflux disease. What Causes GERD. (Suite101.com)
How to treat gastroesophageal adenocarcinom patients? Sep 18, 2008
How to treat gastroesophageal adenocarcinom patients ... How to treat gastroesophageal adenocarcinom patients ... Gastroesophageal adenocarcinomas have a poor prognosis. (EurekAlert!)
Acid Reflux Surgery: Who Needs It? Sep 17, 2008
People who have complications of gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD). There are two categories of GERD complications: esophageal (acid-related strictures and Barrett s esophagus) and bronchial (asthma and aspiration pneumonia, where the patient inhales the regurgitated food). (Fox News)
Acid Reflux & Your Children Sep 12, 2008
Normal gastrointestinal function is not achieved until several months of life, and that includes gastroesophageal function so what happens is you have lower esophageal relaxation ... While most infants will outgrow frequent episodes of acid reflux as their digestive system matures, a small percentage will not outgrow the condition, and these children are more likely to develop the chronic condition, gastroesophageal reflux disease, also known as GERD, during childhood. (Fox News)
Asthma Coupled With Obesity Guarantees Frequent Hospital Visits Sep 8, 2008
This is the first research to control for the risk factors - smoking, use of oral or inhaled corticosteroid medications, gastroesophageal reflux disorder, and demographics - that might explain the obesity-asthma association. Earlier studies have shown that obese people are more likely to suffer asthma than non-obese people, and that obese patients often have more severe asthma than their non-obese counterparts. (MedIndia)
Free drug samples may end up costing uninsured more Sep 5, 2008
Nearly 2,000 prescriptions categorized as antihypertensives (blood pressure medications), oral diabetic agents, peptic ulcer and gastroesophageal reflux medications, and non-narcotic pain medications, were tracked for the nine months leading up to and following the relocation of the practice, at which time the drug sample closet was permanently closed due to a lack of suitable storage space in the new building. Researchers found that, for uninsured patients, the percentage of medications... (EurekAlert!)
Vitamins, family style: What to take when Sep 4, 2008
If your parents take antacids or medications for ulcers or gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD), they'll need to tack on an extra 100 to 400 mcg a day in supplement form. More stories from Prevention. (MSNBC -- Health)
New Study: Measles Vaccine Doesn't Cause Autism Sep 4, 2008
Such leakage could cause problems, such as abdominal and gastroesophageal reflux, which makes it difficult to digest food, and clear the way for the virus to enter the blood stream and travel to the brain. The new study examined children, an average of five years of age, suffering from both autism and GI problems. (Scientific American)
Obese people with asthma have nearly 5 times greater risk of hospitalization for asthma Sep 4, 2008
First study to control for risk factors of smoking, medication, gastroesophageal reflux and demographics ... This is the first study to control for the risk factors smoking, use of oral or inhaled corticosteroid medications, gastroesophageal reflux disorder, and demographics that might explain the obesity-asthma association ... Obese people with asthma had a higher incidence of gastroesophageal reflux disorder. (EurekAlert!)
5 Acid Reflux Medications: Which One is Best for You? Aug 29, 2008
But for the millions of Americans living with gastroesophageal reflux disease, or GERD, it sounds more like a recipe for disaster. Characterized by symptoms of heartburn and regurgitation, GERD is a chronic condition where the acidic contents of the stomach flow back up into the esophagus. (Fox News)
Throat Cancer Up More Than 400 Percent in White Men Aug 28, 2008
Also known as adenocarcinoma of the esophagus, risk factors for throat cancer include gastroesophageal reflux disease, or GERD, and obesity. Often, Barrett s esophagus, a condition where precancerous lesions line the esophagus, precedes adenocarcinoma. (Fox News)
Throat Cancer Increasing among White Americans Aug 28, 2008
The major risk factors for esophageal adenocarcinoma, and the condition that precedes this cancer - Barrett's esophagus -- are gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD -- chronic heartburn) and obesity, especially abdominal obesity, Brown pointed out. "Increases in the prevalence of these risk factors may have contributed to the upward trend in incidence.". (MEDLINEplus)
Aciphex (Rabeprazole) Aug 27, 2008
GERD (gastroesophageal reflux disease) occurs when stomach acid leaks out of the stomach and into the esophagus, resulting in heartburn and damage to the inner lining of the esophagus (). Aciphex (rabeprazole) is a proton pump inhibitor often used to prevent GERD symptoms. (Suite101.com)
Gastric Band Weight-Loss Surgery Can Boost Reflux Aug 23, 2008
Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) occurs when a muscle at the end of the esophagus does not close properly, allowing irritating stomach contents to leak back into the esophagus. Symptoms include heartburn and acid indigestion. (Health-Finder)
Proton Pump Inhibitors (PPIs) and G... Aug 22, 2008
PPIs reduce levels of stomach acid, and are commonly used to reduce acid reflux symptoms, heal ulcers, and treat gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD). Most proton pump inhibitors are available by prescription. (Suite101.com)
Spicy or Bland? 6 Acid Reflux Myths You Should Know Aug 22, 2008
"You would think it wouldn t because it s very acidic on its own. But lots of people respond to it really well. I think it may have something to do with the fact that it helps with digestion and a lot of acid reflux symptoms stem from not digesting food well. 3. Myth: You should avoid all caffeine products, such as coffee, tea and chocolate. Fact: Not necessarily. Zuckerbrot advises her patients with acid reflux to drink herbal teas and green teas, the latter of which have some caffeine.... (Fox News)
Obesity Raises Risks Of Serious Digestive Health Concerns: Incidence Of GERD, Colorectal Cancer Increase With Body Mass Aug 21, 2008
Several scientific studies in the August issue of The American Journal of Gastroenterology examine the association between obesity and the risk of colorectal cancer and gastroesophageal reflux disease, or GERD. ... 19, 2006) According to a new article in the American Journal of Gastroenterology, gastroesophageal reflux disease (GRD), more commonly known as, acid reflux, is linked to obesity. (Science Daily)
Sublingual Immunotherapy Aug 21, 2008
Eosinophilic esophagitis is an emerging worldwide disease of unknown cause that mimics gastroesophageal reflux disease and can lead to esophageal narrowing and stricture. 2 The majority of patients with the condition have evidence. (New England Journal of Medicine)
Obesity raises risks of serious digestive health concerns Aug 20, 2008
Several scientific studies in the August issue of The American Journal of Gastroenterology examine the association between obesity and the risk of colorectal cancer and gastroesophageal reflux disease, or GERD.. Dr. Frank K. Friedenberg and colleagues from Temple University School of Medicine in Philadelphia provide an extensive overview of scientific research on the epidemiologic and pathophysiologic associations between obesity and GERD.. (EurekAlert!)
Adenocarcinoma Of The Esophagus Increasing In White Men And Women Aug 15, 2008
Recent data indicate that increases in obesity, particularly abdominal obesity, and gastroesophageal reflux disease may account for part of the upward trend in the incidence of ade nocarcinoma. Journal reference. (Science Daily)
Powerful Antacid Drugs Raise Fracture Risk Aug 13, 2008
PPIs are powerful antacid drugs prescribed for peptic ulcer disease, gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) and other related conditions. Brand names include Aciphex, Nexium, Prevacid, Prilosec and Protonix. (MEDLINEplus)
Acid reflux drugs may heighten fracture risk Aug 13, 2008
The study, published today in the Canadian Medical Association Journal, sheds light on how proton pump inhibitors, a class of drugs designed to treat gastroesophageal reflux disease, also known as acid reflux, can lead to potentially life-altering consequences among some patients. Although more research is needed to understand the study's implications, the findings should prompt medical professionals to re-evaluate how often, and for how long, they prescribe those drugs to patients, according to... (Globe and Mail)
Pre-cancerous Condition Linked To Chronic Acid Reflux Faces Several Hurdles Aug 12, 2008
(June 16, 2008) A nuclear medicine imaging test was used to confirm that children with respiratory problems may be more likely to develop gastroesophageal reflux disease, according to researchers ... 19, 2006) According to a new article in the American Journal of Gastroenterology, gastroesophageal reflux disease (GRD), more commonly known as, acid reflux, is linked to obesity ... These guidelines summarize advances in gastroesophageal reflux disease diagnostic testing as. (Science Daily)
Pain in Chest, Upper Abdomen an Ominous Sign Aug 7, 2008
But studies to date involving patients with this type of pain and normal upper endoscopy results have not excluded those with gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) or ulcers, they add. "Thus, it is uncertain whether all study subjects had truly unexplained pain.". (MEDLINEplus)
Endoscopic Circumferential Ablation Promising For Barrett's Esophagus With High-grade Dysplasia Aug 5, 2008
Barrett's esophagus is a condition where the lining of the esophagus changes because of chronic inflammation, generally due to gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD). Definitive diagnosis requires a biopsy, taken at upper endoscopy, demonstrating replacement of the normal cell lining with one more like the cell lining of the small intestine. (Science Daily)
Researchers find differences in swallowing mechanism of Rett syndrome patients Aug 5, 2008
Rett syndrome affects one in every 10,000 to 20,000 live female births and is associated most closely with gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) and difficulty and /or pain swallowing (dysphagia). Most patients affected by the mutation have trouble eating, so they often are shorter and weigh less than other children their age. (EurekAlert!)
Four Things You Should Know About Acid Reflux Aug 2, 2008
But for the millions of Americans who suffer from gastroesophageal reflux disease, or GERD, that saying is of little comfort. Commonly referred to as acid reflux, this annoying condition is usually accompanied by symptoms of heartburn and/or regurgitation, which can make for an irritating lifestyle. (Fox News)
Digestive Specialists Freeze Out Esophagus Cancer With New Therapy Aug 1, 2008
But when heartburn is severe or occurs frequently over an extended period of time, it is called Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease or GERD. Over time. . (Science Daily)
ASGE issues guidelines on the role of endoscopy in the bariatric surgery patient Jul 26, 2008
Endoscopy in the postoperative patient may be used to evaluate and treat a variety of conditions including: symptoms of nausea, vomiting and abdominal pain; marginal ulcers; gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD); gastric leaks and gastrogastric fistulas; stenosis (abnormal narrowing of the stomach or intestine); dumping syndrome (rapid emptying from the stomach into the small bowel); bezoars (food that forms into a hard mass); band erosion or slippage; bleeding and anemia; diarrhea and... (EurekAlert!)
People With GERD More Likely to Develop Asthma Jul 25, 2008
FRIDAY, July 25 (HealthDay News) -- The first evidence linking gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) and asthma has been discovered by Duke University Medical Center researchers. An association between the two conditions was first noted in the 1970s, and since then studies have shown that between 50 percent and 90 percent of asthma patients also experience GERD symptoms. (Health-Finder)
How Gastric Reflux May Trigger Asthma Jul 24, 2008
ScienceDaily (July 23, 2008) Researchers at Duke University Medical Center appear to have solved at least a piece of a puzzle that has mystified physicians for years: why so many patients with asthma also suffer from GERD, or gastroesophageal reflux disease ... These guidelines summarize advances in gastroesophageal reflux disease diagnostic testing as ... Symptoms of gastroesophageal reflux are common and. (Science Daily)
U.S. Federal Circuit Court of Appeals Rules Patent for ACIPHEX(R) Valid and Enforceable Jul 22, 2008
It also is used for the short- term treatment in the healing and symptom relief of erosive acid reflux disease -- gastroesophageal reflux disease -- and to maintain healing of erosion and relief of heartburn symptoms that happen with acid reflux disease. ACIPHEX has a well-established safety profile. (PR Newswire)
Scientists identify how gastric reflux may trigger asthma Jul 22, 2008
DURHAM, N.C. Researchers at Duke University Medical Center appear to have solved at least a piece of a puzzle that has mystified physicians for years: why so many patients with asthma also suffer from GERD, or gastroesophageal reflux disease. Clinicians first noted a relationship between the two diseases in the mid-1970s. (EurekAlert!)
Precancerous Esophagus Disease Eliminated in 98.4% of Patients Treated With HALO Ablation System Jul 21, 2008
Barrett's esophagus develops as a result of chronic gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) and afflicts more than 3. 3 million people in the United States. (PR Newswire)
Halting Heartburn Jul 21, 2008
Heartburn is the most common symptom of acid reflux or GERD (gastroesophageal reflux disease), which is the third most prevalent disease in the U.S., affecting more than 19 million people. Most sufferers describe heartburn as a burning sensation just behind the sternum, and other symptoms may include hoarseness, coughing, changes in the voice, earache, nausea, and problems with sinusitis. (Newsmax)
Doctor knows best Jun 20, 2008
They include spastic quadriplegic cerebral palsy, refractory seizure disorder, mental retardation, gastroesophageal reflux disease, cortical blindness, dysphagia, bone cartilage disease, scoliosis, kyphosis and restrictive lung disease. Callie's condition mandates round-the-clock care and treatment. (Atlanta Journal-Constitution -- Opinion)
New PET Scanner Could Improve Diagnosis Jun 18, 2008
In another study presented at the meeting, Pakistani researchers said a nuclear imaging technique called scintigraphy was more effective than the traditional barium X-ray method in detecting gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) in children with respiratory problems. This study of 55 children found that scintigraphy -- in which a two-dimensional image is obtained through detection of radiation emitted by a radioactive source given to the body -- detected GERD in 66. (MEDLINEplus)
Photodynamic Therapy Breakthrough In Cancer Treatment May 26, 2008
But when heartburn is severe or occurs frequently over an extended period of time, it is called Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease or GERD. Over time. (Mar. (Science Daily)
Noninvasive Device For GERD, Obesity Developed May 23, 2008
ScienceDaily (May 23, 2008) A new, noninvasive gastroplasty device to treat two separate disorders gastroesophageal-reflux disease (GERD) and morbid obesity was reported today by its inventor, Charles J. Filipi, M.D., professor of surgery at Creighton University School of Medicine ... Gastroesophageal-reflux disease and morbid obesity are particularly serious health issues in the western hemisphere and major contributors to the escalating cost of health care in the United States, Filipi said ...... (Science Daily)
Good Long-Term Results Seen with Anti-Reflux Surgery May 22, 2008
NEW YORK (Reuters Health) - Five years after minimally invasive "keyhole" surgery for gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD), most patients report near-normal health-related quality of life and are satisfied with their decision to have the surgery, new research indicates. The results after repeat GERD surgery, however, are not as good, the researchers report in the Archives of Surgery. (MEDLINEplus)
Benefit Of Surgery For Gastroesophageal Reflux Confirmed May 21, 2008
ScienceDaily (May 21, 2008) Despite the growing availability of prescription and over-the-counter medications for gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD), surgical treatment remains a viable alternative for patients whose symptoms persist ... Many individuals experience gastroesophageal reflux -- when acidic stomach contents rise into the lower esophagus, producing the burning sensation called heartburn. (Science Daily)
Nearly 40 Percent Of GERD Patients Taking PPIs Experience Recurring Symptoms May 20, 2008
ScienceDaily (May 19, 2008) Despite daily use of doctor-recommended proton pump inhibitors (PPIs) to control gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) symptoms, nearly 40 percent of patients who take them continue to experience breakthrough, which is a return of GERD symptoms, such as acid regurgitation and heartburn ... GERD stands for gastroesophageal reflux disease ... These guidelines summarize advances in gastroesophageal reflux disease diagnostic testing as. (Science Daily)
Bayer and Onyx Announce Nexavar Data Presentations at 44th American Society of Clinical Oncology Annual Meeting May 16, 2008
Poster discussion period: 11:00 AM - 12:00 p.m., W375a -- Comparison of kidney cancer symptoms and quality of life (QoL) in renal cell cancer (RCC) patients receiving sorafenib vs. interferon-a (IFN) -- Cezary Szczylik, MD, Central Clinical Hospital, Military Institute of Health, Warsaw, Poland -- Poster 44E, Abstract #9603, Saturday, May 31, 2008, 2:00 - 6:00 p.m., S Hall A1 -- Updated results of a Phase I trial of sorafenib and bevacizumab in patients with metastatic renal cell carcinoma (RCC)... (PR Newswire)
Tackle obesity to combat asthma May 7, 2008
Along with obesity, it's co-morbidities like type2 diabetes, hypertension, gastroesophageal reflux etc can also result in worsening of asthma. "Diabetes and hypertension can affect any part of the body. It can also have a damaging effect on lungs because of which respiratory system can get affected," says Dr Vivek Jaggi, senior consultant, pulmonologist, Artemis Health Institute. (India Times, India -- Health/Science)
Health Woes Not Always to Blame for Chronic Cough Apr 20, 2008
Much of the available evidence suggests that isolated chronic cough is usually caused by asthma, gastroesophageal reflux disease, or upper airway conditions and can be cured by treating these conditions. But the authors questioned this belief. (Health-Finder)
Different tissue reaction of oesophagus and diaphragm after mesh hiatoplasty: Results of an animal study. Apr 13, 2008
Laparoscopic mesh-reinforcement of the hiatal region in the treatment of gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) and paraesophageal hernia (PEH) reduces the risk of recurrence. However, there are still controversies about the technique of mesh placement, shape, stucture and material. (BioMed Central)
Kidney Extracted Through The Vagina, First Time In Europe, Second In World Apr 2, 2008
One of them was the extraction of the bile vesicle through the mouth, and the other was an intervention for the treatment of gastroesophageal reflux. None of these cases required incisions and, as occurs in transvaginal nephrectomy, both hospital stay and complications were considerably reduced. (Science Daily)
Repeat GERD Surgery Generally Successful Mar 28, 2008
NEW YORK (Reuters Health) - In the majority of patients, a second attempt at surgery to treat gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) yields good results, according to Dutch researchers. But the procedure is not without risk. (MEDLINEplus)
When the disease eludes a diagnosis Mar 26, 2008
For example, many patients with chest pain carry a diagnosis of costochondritis (inflammation of the chest wall bones) or gastroesophageal reflux (regurgitation of stomach acid into the esophagus). These are real conditions. (International Herald Tribune -- Health)
What Ever Happened to 'An Apple a Day'? Mar 26, 2008
But rather than being satisfied with a small slice of the ulcer market, Petersen writes, Glaxo CEO Paul Girolami launched "one of the most expensive and aggressive promotional campaigns the industry had even seen, one that even today is talked about by the nation's drug marketers." Girolami set Zantac's price 50% higher than Tagamet's and pitched it for gastroesophageal reflux disease, a.k.a. heartburn. Glaxo "set out to make heartburn into an acute and chronic 'disorder' that came with serious... (BusinessWeek)
Vocal Cord Ills Seen in World Trade Center Workers Mar 25, 2008
The New York City investigators previously found gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) was common in former World Trade Center workers with respiratory symptoms, and all 10 VCD patients in the current study had previously been diagnosed with GERD.. VCD is typically treated with breathing exercises that retrain the vocal cords. (MEDLINEplus)
Surgery May Provide Long-Term Acid Reflux Relief Mar 8, 2008
NEW YORK (Reuters Health) - In many patients who suffer with severe heartburn - also known as gastroesophageal reflux disease or GERD -- antireflux surgery can provide long-term improvement and resolution of symptoms, US researchers report. In GERD, stomach acid seeps into the esophagus causing burning and pain in the chest. (MEDLINEplus)
Influenza Study Sheds Light on "Flu Season" Mar 3, 2008
The U.S. Food and Drug Administration on Thursday approved esomeprazole magnesium, also known as Nexium for short treatment of gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) in children ages 1 to 11. Four studies reviewed by researchers at the Family Research Laboratory at the University of New Hampshire-Durham concluded that children who were spanked as a form of discipline were more likely to. (eFluxMedia)
FDA Grants Priority Review for ACIPHEX(R) (rabeprazole sodium) sNDA for Short-Term Treatment of GERD in Adolescents Mar 1, 2008
WOODCLIFF LAKE, N.J., Feb. 29 /PRNewswire/ -- Eisai Corporation of North America, a wholly-owned subsidiary of Tokyo-based Eisai Co., Ltd., announced today that the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) has accepted an ACIPHEX supplemental New Drug Application (sNDA) for the short-term (up to eight weeks) treatment of gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) in patients ages 12-16 ... ACIPHEX is also used in adults for the short-term (4 to 8 weeks) treatment in the healing and symptom relief of... (PR Newswire)
A real lifesaver Feb 24, 2008
The parents were told the baby has gastroesophageal reflux disease and choked on a blood clot. "During CPR, the clot came up and transferred from Lewis' mouth into the officer's mouth," Meyers said. (The News-Herald)
GERD Linked to Obesity and BMI Feb 23, 2008
GERD, or Gastroesophageal Reflux Disorder, is a fairly common health problem that occurs when the valve that keeps food and stomach acid down stops doing its job. When the lid doesn't stay on right, the food and stomach acids are forced back up and reach the esophagus. (Suite101.com)
Globe promotes Hall to VP of human resources Feb 8, 2008
Dynogen makes drugs for irritable bowel syndrome, nocturnal gastroesophageal reflux disease, and overactive bladder. (Bloomberg). (Boston Globe)
