Crisis hindsight Aug 15, 2009
Secondly, the explanation fails in this case because demand for the complex financial products created by Wall Street came from new, rather than established, sources - that is, an exogenous fault line that hadn't been fully absorbed into the world of financial decision-making; the very factor that Soros discards as irrelevant. Lastly, this book was perhaps the most difficult for me to read in terms of both the sheer verbosity as well as the apparent circular logic employed. (Asia Times Online)
What do you think of the altered scheme? Aug 11, 2009
This would increase the carbon price, but Frontier Economics' modelling assumes that Australia would be part of a well linked global carbon market, and so assumes that the carbon price is completely exogenous. I don't trust the Frontier Economics GDP figures because of their assumptions about the carbon price. (Sydney Morning Herald -- Australia)
Peruvian Central Bank Doesn't Foresee More Interest Rate Cuts, Armas Says Aug 8, 2009
The engines of economic growth will be supported by a rebound in exogenous economic factors, , an emerging-market analyst at Bulltick Securities Corp. in Miami, wrote in a note to clients today. We see higher commodity prices driven by Chinese growth and U.S. dollar weakness, as well as stabilization in the U.S. economy and a recovery in global trade activity. (Bloomberg -- Latin America)
Rating on banking industry maintained Aug 4, 2009
Standard & Poor s expects the Malaysian financial system to be sufficiently resilient against exogenous shocks, characterised by greater volatility in financial markets during credit cycles, credit analyst Ivan Tan said in a statement. The system is underpinned by its stable funding base and strengthened balance sheet from several years of benign credit conditions prior to 2008, he added. (The Star Online, Malaysia -- Business)
Transcript of a Press Briefing by Caroline Atkinson, Director, External Relations, IMF Aug 1, 2009
But then we have reformed what used to be called the Exogenous Shocks Facility to be a rapid-access facility so that countries can quickly get access to rather smaller amounts of money on very concessional terms without having to show that there was a specific exogenous shock. Then we have a new facility , which is more like our standard standby arrangement, the Short-Term Credit Facility. (IMF News)
12% out of work? Jul 31, 2009
She says these forecasts do not take exogenous factors into account such as the Fifa World Cup next year. However, if the global recovery begins this year, job losses may not be as severe with private sector employment falling by 174900 over the next two-and-a-half years. (iAfrica.com)
Africa: Aid Cuts Will Hit Continent Hard, Warns AfDB Jul 29, 2009
On the one hand, Africa was more resistant to "exogenous" shocks - partly due to improved economic management, falling indebtedness, and improved political stability. Countries on the continent had also become integrated into the world economy and less dependent on traditional developed markets, she said. (allAfrica.com)
Public Information Notice: IMF Executive Board Concludes the Review of Experience with the Policy Support Instrument Jul 29, 2009
Directors expected that the recent Board decisions to streamline structural conditionality and to amend the Exogenous Shocks Facility would further improve the attractiveness of the PSI.. Directors observed that surveyed views on the PSI s signaling role were less positive than other aspects of the PSI. Many Directors felt that Fund assessments of performance under the PSI had delivered clear and timely signals to donors and private investors. (IMF News)
Africa: Global Downturn to Halve Continent's Economic Growth, Says Report [press release] Jul 28, 2009
"These enterprising uses of ICT show that African countries can pursue growth based on greater domestic investment and consumption, in turn reducing the impact of exogenous shocks and crises," adds Santiso. The annual AEO is published jointly by the African Development Bank (AfDB), the OECD Development Centre and the United Nations Economic Commission for Africa, with support from the European Commission. (allAfrica.com)
Buttonwood: Cold comfort Jul 24, 2009
Swine flu is just the latest in a series of exogenous events (risks originating outside the financial system) to test the markets ... Changes of government can be regarded as exogenous events too ... Apart from the difficulty of forecasting the impact of exogenous events, investors may have another reason for ignoring them. (The Economist)
The IMF's Response to the Global Crisis, Remarks by IMF Deputy Managing Director Takatoshi Kato, At the Eighth Annual Regional Conference on Central America, Panama, and the Dominican Republic Jul 23, 2009
In addition, the Fund recently doubled the maximum size of the normal loans under the poverty reduction and growth facility (PRGF) and exogenous shocks facility (ESF), and will shortly adopt a more flexible and strengthened framework for concessional lending. All in all, while these times are challenging, they also provide us with an opportunity to move the reform agendas forward. (IMF News)
Public Information Notice: IMF Executive Board Concludes Article IV Consultation with Ghana Jul 19, 2009
Executive Directors noted that after a decade of gains in real income and poverty reduction, Ghana s macroeconomic situation had weakened owing to exogenous shocks and highly expansionary fiscal policies, in particular in the run-up to the elections, that contributed to higher inflation and large external imbalances. While Ghana s terms of trade are projected to strengthen in 2009, supporting incomes and growth, Directors recognized the uncertain environment and the downside risks. (IMF News)
UIL Steroid Testing Catches 8 Cheaters Jul 11, 2009
For Testosterone, the definition of positive depends on an adverse analytical finding (positive result) based on the methods listed in the UIL Anabolic Steroid Testing Program Protocol which shows that the Testosterone is of exogenous origin, or if the ratio of the total concentration of Testosterone to that of Epitestosterone (T:E) in th 00000B37 e urine is greater than 6:1, unless there is evidence that this ratio is due to a physiological or pathological condition. Additionally, there were... (KWTX.com, TX)
How To Advise An Unemployed University Graduate Jul 7, 2009
As employers downsize, his problems continue to upsize, leaving him with very few options in a market that is governed by the forces of demand and supply, as well as other exogenous international factors. However, he has some options available to him. (Ghana Web, Ghana)
Mozambique: IMF Approves U.S. $176 Million Loan Jul 3, 2009
The money was granted under the IMF's Exogenous Shocks Facility. According to the IMF website, this facility is designed to provide policy support and financial assistance on concessional terms to eligible low-income countries facing temporary exogenous shocks ... "Temporary exogenous shocks" is the IMF euphemism for the massive frauds committed by American and European banks that have brought the international financial system to near meltdown. (allAfrica.com)
Press Release: IMF Executive Board Approves US$144.1 Million Disbursement for Cameroon Jul 3, 2009
1 Million Disbursement for Cameroon Under the Exogenous Shocks Facility ... 1 million) disbursement under the rapid access component of the Exogenous Shocks Facility (ESF) to help Cameroon weather the effects of the global shocks on its balance of payments ... The ESF is designed to provide policy support and financial assistance to low-income countries facing exogenous but temporary shocks. (IMF News)
Press Release: IMF Executive Board Approves US$176 Million Exogenous Shocks Facility for Mozambique and Completes Fourth Review Under the Policy Support Instrument Jul 2, 2009
6 million (about US$176 million) for Mozambique under the IMF s Exogenous Shocks Facility (ESF) to cushion the country from the effects of the global economic downturn ... The ESF is designed to provide policy support and financial assistance on concessional terms to eligible low-income countries facing temporary exogenous shocks. (IMF News)
Carlos Santiso, AfDB Director, Governance, Economic and Financial Management, Publishes a Book on Integrity and Accountability in Government Finances Jul 2, 2009
What the book shows is that radical reform strategies based on the mechanistic transplant of exogenous models from more developed countries are unlikely to succeed. Any reform of audit systems must take into consideration the overall trajectory of institutional change as well as the broader system of public budgeting in which audit agencies are embedded. (allAfrica.com)
Executive Enrichment Rules Doomed by Naivete Jun 29, 2009
In other words, take away the discretion of the comp committee to rationalize huge year-end payouts, e.g., by pointing to adverse exogenous events over which the executive has no control but failing to note those same exogenous events when they prove helpful to the bottom line. -- Cap any cash bonus beyond a certain amount, say somewhere between three and five times base salary and then drain the remainder into free shares that wouldnt vest for at least five years. (Bloomberg -- Columnists)
Statement of the Monetary Policy Committee Jun 26, 2009
While the widening output gap and weak domestic demand pose a downside risk to the inflation outlook, these risks are being increasingly offset by various cost-push and exogenous factors that are impacting on the economy, as well as by deteriorating inflation expectations. 2. (Business Report, South Africa)
Press Release: IMF Executive Board Completes Sixth PRGF Review for Benin and Approves Increase of Financial Support by US$14.4 Million Jun 25, 2009
Accelerating the implementation of structural reforms remains essential to enhance Benin s external competitiveness, increase resilience to exogenous shocks, and contribute to higher sustainable growth over the medium term. The adoption of a comprehensive strategy for the cotton sector and the implementation of the public financial management action plan are welcome steps. (IMF News)
Coping With A Tricky Economic Situation, The Ghanaian Way Jun 24, 2009
"While fiscal expansion was prolonging trends observed since 2005, it was also the result of a combination of important exogenous shocks, including floods and droughts in late 2007 and a rise in world food prices, prompting Government to introduce food tax exemptions, and in oil prices which led the Government to purchase oil on behalf of utilities, in the absence of effective tariff adjustment mechanisms. "The electoral cycle which culminated in the successful Presidential and. Legislative... (Ghana Web, Ghana)
Genotypinghuman ancient mtDNA control and coding region polymorphisms with a multiplexed Single-Base-Extensionassay: the singular maternal history of the Tyrolean Iceman Jun 20, 2009
Controlled contamination experiments show that the correct results are returned by the multiplex assay even in the presence of substantial amounts of exogenous DNA. The overall level of discrimination achieved by targeting both control and coding region polymorphisms in a single reaction provides a methodology capable of dealing with most cases of homoplasy prevalent in European haplogroups. Conclusions. (BioMed Central)
Press Release: IMF Executive Board Approves Increase in Financial Support under Senegal's ESF, US$50 million Disbursement and Completes Third Review of PSI Jun 20, 2009
The Executive Board of the International Monetary Fund (IMF) approved an increase in financial support for Senegal under the Exogenous Shocks Facility (ESF) by SDR 72 ... The ESF is designed to provide policy support and financial assistance to low-income countries facing exogenous but temporary shocks. (IMF News)
Press Release: IMF Executive Board Completes Sixth Review Under the Policy Support Instrument for Cape Verde Jun 20, 2009
Specific attention is given to reducing fiscal risks and giving Cape Verde a margin of safety to protect the economy against exogenous shocks. The IMF's framework for PSIs is designed for low-income countries (and small island states) that may not need IMF financial assistance, but still seek close cooperation with the IMF in preparation and endorsement of their policy frameworks. (IMF News)
Type-1 collagen differentially alters beta-catenin accumulation in primary Dupuytren's Disease cord and adjacent palmar fascia cells Jun 20, 2009
Exogenous addition of Transforming Growth Factor-beta1 to DD cells in collagen culture negates the loss of beta-catenin accumulation. Transforming Growth Factor-beta1-induced alpha-smooth muscle actin, a marker of myofibroblast differentiation, is attenuated by the inclusion of type-1 collagen in cultures of DD and PF cells. (BioMed Central)
Pulling Back to Health Jun 19, 2009
In addition to market flux, the other area of concern that I have comes from exogenous sources. I am still very worried about conditions in the economy, on the political front and in battered sectors like housing, banking and automobiles. (Human Events Online)
Press Release: IMF Managing Director Dominique Strauss-Kahn to Visit Central Asia Jun 16, 2009
The Fund is currently supporting the Kyrgyz Republic with an Exogenous Shock Facility (see ) and Tajikistan (see ) with a Poverty Reduction and Growth Facility Arrangement. IMF EXTERNAL RELATIONS DEPARTMENT. (IMF News)
Transcript of a Press Conference Call by the International Monetary Fund on "Lending for Africa" Jun 4, 2009
And against that background, Tanzania requested from the IMF support under the exogenous shock facility, conceived precisely for such an event where an exogenous shock such as the global economic crisis has an impact on Tanzania s balance of payments and on its reserves ... Now, in support of the policies that the government of Kenya has taken, the IMF Board, on Friday, approved a rapid access component of the exogenous shocks facility, amounting to SDR 135 ... But the ESF, exogenous shocks... (IMF News)
AfBD Chief Economist Speaks at Africa - Moving Forward Conference in Dublin Jun 3, 2009
However, the food and fuel price shocks in 2007 and 2008 and, more recently, the global financial crisis are now threatening this progress and the continent remains vulnerable to exogenous shocks. International support is even more vital now if the region is to achieve its overriding objective of raising living standards and reaching the Millennium Development Goals. (allAfrica.com)
Press Release: IMF Executive Board Approves US$336 Million Exogenous Shocks Facility Arrangement for Tanzania and Completes Fifth Review Under the Policy Support Instrument May 30, 2009
IMF Executive Board Approves US$336 Million Exogenous Shocks Facility Arrangement for Tanzania and Completes Fifth Review Under the Policy Support Instrument ... 79 million (about US$336 million) arrangement for Tanzania under the Fund s Exogenous Shocks Facility (ESF) to cushion the country from the effects of the global economic crisis ... The ESF is designed to provide policy support and financial assistance to low-income countries facing exogenous but temporary shocks. (IMF News)
Press Release: IMF Executive Board Approves US$209 Million Disbursement to Kenya Under the Exogenous Shocks Facility May 30, 2009
IMF Executive Board Approves US$209 Million Disbursement to Kenya Under the Exogenous Shocks Facility ... 7 million (about US$209 million) disbursement under the Exogenous Shocks Facility (ESF) to help Kenya recover from the negative impact of higher food and international fuel and fertilizer costs, and the slowdown in external demand associated with the global financial crisis ... The disbursement was approved under the rapid-access component of the ESF, a facility designed to provide policy... (IMF News)
Get Ready for a Breakout May 28, 2009
But now that things have stabilized somewhat on the financial front, we have to remember that we face many exogenous threats from the likes of North Korea, whose recent nuclear saber rattling is cause for concern by the entire free world. Then we have Islamic extremists running Iran, not to mention terrorist organizations such as Al Qaeda. (Human Events Online)
Minister tasks ECOWAS on human trafficking, free movement May 28, 2009
He added: "It is necessary that the Council of Ministers engages itself with providing concrete and well thought out positions that can ensure that the gains that have been made in the region in macro-economic harmonisation and reform, which have resulted in positive economic growth in the years preceding these crises, are not lost. "On the contrary, the current challenges should spur us on to redouble our efforts for cooperation and regional integration to cope with the exogenous threats. "... (Guardian News, Nigeria)
Statement by IMF Managing Director Strauss-Kahn at the Conclusion of his Visit to Democratic Republic of Congo May 26, 2009
In this regard, the IMF approved a US$195 million disbursement to the DRC under the Exogenous Shock Facility (ESF) in March (see ). We are continuing our discussions over a new Poverty Reduction and Growth Facility, as well. (IMF News)
Obamas Visit Whats In It For Us And U.S.? May 25, 2009
Unfortunately, once again, (a little over a year after Ghana issued its first sovereign bond on the international capital market) we have been forced by exogenous circumstances to make a u-turn to over-dependence on the Bretton Wood institutions for our development spending. And we are being told to adopt a kind of fiscal discipline which the developed world is also finding to be fundamentally contradictory to their programme for stimulating their economies today. (Ghana Web, Ghana)
Press Release: IMF Completes First Review Under Exogenous Shock Facility with the Kyrgyz Republic and Approves US$25.5 Million Disbursement May 24, 2009
Press Release: IMF Completes First Review Under Exogenous Shock Facility with the Kyrgyz Republic and Approves US$25 ... IMF Completes First Review Under Exogenous Shock Facility with the Kyrgyz Republic and Approves US$25 ... The Executive Board of the International Monetary Fund (IMF) today completed the first review of the Kyrgyz Republic s economic performance under the 18-month Exogenous Shocks Facility (ESF) arrangement and approved the immediate release of SDR 16. (IMF News)
Namibia: Bank of Namibia Cuts Interest Rates May 23, 2009
"We are experiencing unusual and uncertain economic times where, due to exogenous factors, economic conditions change rapidly," the Governor said in Wednesday's rate announcement. Lower rates are necessary to support the local economy, he said. (allAfrica.com)
Africa: Should Aid Come to an End? [book review] May 22, 2009
Moyo's recent book Dead Aid, Wanda says, makes no 'correlation between Africa's development and its accompanying social and historical conditions' nor does it explore the possibility that 'exogenous factors have and continue to hamper development in Africa ... In spite of her 'impressive' statistics, Moyo makes no attempt to either mention or entertain the possibilities, as did Dr Walter Rodney in his classic How Europe underdeveloped Africa, that exogenous factors have and continue to hamper... (allAfrica.com)
Press Release: IMF Executive Board Approves US$5.7 Million Disbursement for St. Vincent and the Grenadines Under the Exogenous Shock Facility May 16, 2009
7 Million Disbursement for St. Vincent and the Grenadines Under the Exogenous Shock Facility ... 7 Million Disbursement for St. Vincent and the Grenadines Under the Exogenous Shock Facility ... 7 million) disbursement for St. Vincent and the Grenadines under the Exogenous Shock Facility (ESF). (IMF News)
Public Information Notice: IMF Executive Board Concludes 2009 Article IV Consultation with Belize May 15, 2009
Belize, a small open economy with a narrow export base, remains vulnerable to exogenous shocks. Since 2005, growth in the traditional sectors of the economy has decelerated, reflecting in part the impact of severe weather-related shocks during 2007 08. (IMF News)
Press Release: IMF Mission Calls for Fiscal Stimulus in Mozambique May 14, 2009
In support of these policies, and to help mitigate the exogenous shock stemming from the global economic downturn, Mozambique has requested financial support under the Exogenous Shocks Facility. It is expected that the IMF s Executive Board will discuss the request, the 2009 Article IV Consultation and the fourth review under the PSI in July. (IMF News)
AfDB: Enabling Africa Cope With the Global Financial Crisis May 14, 2009
Dakar, Senegal Organized on the theme: Africa and the Financial Crisis: An Agenda for Action", the two-day event was formally declared open by Senegalese President Abdoulaye Wade in the presence of his Burkinabe counterpart, Blaise Compaore, Ghana's Vice President John Dramani Mahama, African Union Commission Chair, Jean Ping, African Development Bank (AfDB) President Donald Kaberuka and the UN Economic Commission for Africa Executive Secretary (UNECA), Abdoulie Janneh. President Kaberuka set... (allAfrica.com)
Africa: Global Crisis Hits Hard - 'But Don't Despair' May 13, 2009
"These enterprising uses of ICT show that African countries can pursue growth based on greater domestic investment and consumption, in turn reducing the impact of exogenous shocks and crises," says Santiso. Be the first to. (allAfrica.com)
African Economic Outlook (AEO) 2008/09 May 8, 2009
"These enterprising uses of ICT show that African countries can pursue growth based on greater domestic investment and consumption, in turn reducing the impact of exogenous shocks and crises," adds Javier Santiso. The annual AEO is published jointly by the African Development Bank (AfDB), the OECD Development Centre and the United Nations Economic Commission for Africa, with support from the European Commission. (allAfrica.com)
AfDB Grants U.S.$ 97 Million Budget Support to DRC to Mitigate Impacts of Financial Crisis May 8, 2009
The economic outlook in the DRC has deteriorated considerably since September 2008 because of two exogenous shocks, namely the international financial crisis, coupled with an acute economic crisis; and the resurgence of conflicts in the East of the country, which has led to a humanitarian crisis with the displacement of 250,000 people and pressure on public finance and international exchange reserves. Contact. (allAfrica.com)
The correct recovery paradigm May 6, 2009
It is reasonable to suppose that exogenous shocks to the economic system are more likely in a world of globalization, rapid communication and high population density than in the slow-communications, lower-population less integrated world of the 19th and early 20th century. One way or another, we can confidently expect at least one major economic crisis per generation, generally from a cause that is either non-economic or wholly unexpected beforehand, and we had better learn how to deal with... (Asia Times Online)
Press Release: IMF Executive Board Completes First and Second Reviews under the PRGF Arrangement with Zambia and Approves US$ 256.4 Million Increase in Financial Support and US$ 160.1 Million Disbursement May 2, 2009
Zambia s program implementation and recent economic performance have been adversely affected by a number of exogenous shocks. In particular, the international food and fuel price increases shocks in the first half of 2008 pushed inflation above the program target, while a steep fall in copper prices related to the current global economic and financial crisis has severely compressed export proceeds and government revenue. (IMF News)
Letter from IMF Managing Director, Dominique Strauss-Kahn to Civil Society Organizations Apr 29, 2009
The IMF Executive Board has just approved a doubling of access limits for low-income countries under both the Poverty Reduction and Growth Facility (PRGF) and the Exogenous Shocks Facility, which will make even more money available to individual countries. We are coupling this financial assistance with programs that, in a majority of low-income countries, include higher levels of government spending, larger budget deficits, and higher inflation targets. (IMF News)
Press Release: IMF Mission Reaches Preliminary Agreement with Tanzania on ESF Facility Apr 28, 2009
In support of these policies, and to help mitigate the exogenous shock stemming from the global economic downturn, Tanzania has requested financial support under the high-access component of the Exogenous Shocks Facility. It is expected that the request will be considered by the IMF's Executive Board before the end of May," Mr. Strauss-Kahn said. IMF EXTERNAL RELATIONS DEPARTMENT Public Affairs Media Relations Phone: 202-623-7300 Phone: 202-623-7100 Fax: 202-623-6278 Fax: 202-623-6772. (IMF News)
Press Release: IMF Executive Board Approves Doubling of Borrowing Limits for Poorest Countries Apr 28, 2009
The Executive Board of the International Monetary Fund (IMF) has agreed to double the borrowing limits of the poorest countries under the Poverty Reduction and Growth Facility (PRGF) and Exogenous Shocks Facility (ESF) arrangements to help low-income countries severely affected by the global economic downturn. The Executive Board also began discussions this week on options for raising additional resources for concessional lending to allow the Fund to scale up its capacity to assist low-income... (IMF News)
Intergovernmental Group of Twenty-Four on International Monetary Affairs and Development: Communiqué Apr 28, 2009
However, Ministers called for evenhanded and broad-based implementation of the new lending and conditionality framework in recognition of the diverse needs of the membership and the exogenous nature of the crisis. Given the scale of actual and potential demand, Ministers supported the proposal to treble the available resources for IMF lending, including through bilateral loans, issuance of notes and bonds, and enhanced and more flexible New Arrangements to Borrow. (IMF News)
Transcript of a Press Conference on the IMF's Sub-Saharan Africa Regional Economic Outlook, by Antoinette Sayeh, Director African Department, IMF Apr 28, 2009
Five countries already have benefited from the Exogenous Shocks Facility ... And earlier this week, our Board approved a doubling of the access limits, the envelopes that countries can benefit from under the Poverty Reduction and Growth Facility, as well as the Exogenous Shocks Facility, the two main instruments we've been using to support Africa ... I made reference to a number of African countries that have benefited from this new Exogenous Shock Facility, as we call it. (IMF News)
Transcript of the African Finance Ministers Press Briefing Apr 28, 2009
It is also our view that technical assistance to the membership needs to continue to be public good, but, most importantly, there's an urgent need for international financial institutions to increase concessional and exogenous shock facilities to low income countries and to reduce the conditionality for their access. We call upon measures to enhance and broaden debt relief to poor countries. (IMF News)
Ghana & the Millennium Development Goals: Apr 28, 2009
Whether it is the IMFs Poverty Reduction h Strategy, from which we were kicked out in 2002, readmitted in 2003 after a doubling of petrol retail prices, and weaned off by Government of Ghanas commitment to create fiscal space; or the so-called Exogenous Shocks Facility, which it would seem our 6-man delegation to the World Bank IMF Spring Conference have been eyeing for a while now; the MDGs remain the driving logic of eligibility. So we need to look a bit more closely at these 8... (Ghana Web, Ghana)
Orion String Quartet brings music into its own orbit Apr 20, 2009
Nationalism once removed was on the docket for the Orion String Quartet for their Celebrity Series concert yesterday: composers annexing exogenous traditions to their own musical dominions. Joined by the superb, pan-stylistic clarinetist David Krakauer, the group captured each disparate piece within their own dramatic orbit. (Boston Globe)
Transcript of a Conference Call with Civil Society Organizations (CSOs) on IMF Facilities Reform Apr 16, 2009
We have the Exogenous Shocks Facility, which has helped several countries just in the recent few months and the proposal will in effect make this facility even more flexible to be able to use it in a wider variety of circumstances ... The third gap that we will try to address relates to emergency financing needs, particularly for post-conflict states, but also for others, where in the past we were somewhat constrained we had quite a number of different facilities, the natural disaster and post... (IMF News)
Stem Cell Transplantation Helps Patients With Diabetes Become Insulin Free Apr 16, 2009
One patient had more than 4 years with no exogenous (produced outside the body) insulin use, 4 patients for at least 3 years, 3 patients for at least 2 years, and 4 patients for at least 1 year. Eight patients relapsed and resumed insulin use at low doses. (Science Daily)
Transplant frees diabetics from insulin Apr 15, 2009
Twelve patients remained continuously insulin-free for 31 months and one had more than four years without needing exogenous insulin use. Four were insulin-independent for at least three years, as were three patients for two years and four patients for a year. (Sydney Morning Herald -- Australia)
Ghanas Lactogen Banks: Apr 5, 2009
Notwithstanding the pressures of the surrounding environment (exogenous factors so to speak), a good chunk of the nasty spreads we have been discussing stem from factors internal to the banking system itself (so-called endogenous factors). We will argue that the high lending rates owe in part to lower than expected competition within the sector. (Ghana Web, Ghana)
Questions and Answers on the IMF Pakistan Program Apr 1, 2009
Adverse security developments, large exogenous price shocks (oil and food), and global financial turmoil buffeted the economy. These shocks, combined with policy inaction during the political transition to a new government led to slower growth, higher inflation, and a sharp deterioration of the external position. (IMF News)
Press Release: Statement by an IMF Staff Mission to Grenada Apr 1, 2009
Given Grenada s high public debt burden, which constrains the ability to respond to exogenous shocks, placing debt firmly on a downward path must remain the priority, particularly through determined efforts at fiscal consolidation. The mission welcomed the planned introduction of the VAT on February 1, 2010, which will lay the foundation for a broader tax base that will enhance revenues. (IMF News)
Public Information Notice: IMF Executive Board Discusses Reforms of Lending Instruments for Low-Income Countries Apr 1, 2009
Some Directors were not convinced that precautionary LIC financing is needed in view of the Policy Support Instrument (PSI) and the Exogenous Shocks Facility (ESF). Any reform of the Fund s facilities for LICs should also serve to reduce overlaps, especially related to financing shocks and emergencies. (IMF News)
Statement of the Intergovernmental Group of Twenty-Four (G-24) on International Monetary Affairs and Development Mar 30, 2009
We call for streamlined and focused conditionality and for evenhanded implementation recognizing the exogenous nature of the crisis for developing countries. This will enhance ownership and help redress the stigma factor in IMF lending. (IMF News)
Angle Announces 2008 Fourth Quarter and Year-End Results Mar 23, 2009
The price of crude oil is set in U.S. dollars on the world market and is influenced by global supply and demand factors as well as exogenous events, such as terrorist activity in oil exporting countries. The current slowdown in economic growth due to recession in several of the world's major economies could further reduce both the demand and price for crude oil. (CCNMatthews Press Releases)
