Nature’s Own Chemical Plant Nov 13, 2008
26, 2008) Researchers have developed a new catalyst that directly converts cellulose, the most common form of biomass, into ethylene glycol, an important intermediate product for chemical ... 6, 1998) A new approach that uses both bacteria and chemical catalysts to remove impurities from crude oil could make more of the world's oil supply available for use, report scientists from the U.S.. (Science Daily)
New Method Can Capture Catalysis, One Molecule At A Time Nov 13, 2008
12, 2008) Cornell researchers have developed an ingenious microscopic method to observe the behavior of single nanoparticles of a catalyst, down to the resolution of single catalytic events ... There is intense interest in nanocatalysts for such applications as fuel cells and pollutant removal, because nanoparticles provide a larger surface area to speed reactions, and in some cases, materials that are not catalytic in bulk become so at the nanoscale ... "Understanding the fundamental principles... (Science Daily)
When a good nanoparticle goes bad Nov 11, 2008
By devising a way to watch individual molecules react with a single nanoscale particle of gold in real time, researchers confirmed that some gold particles are better at increasing the rate of a chemical reaction than others, but they also found that a good catalyst sometimes spontaneously turns bad. Understanding why these particles change and how to stabilize the "good" particles may lead to solutions for a wide range of problems such as the current global energy challenge. (EurekAlert!)
Without enzyme, biological reaction essential to life takes 2.3 billion years Nov 11, 2008
Their power as catalysts enables biological reactions to occur usually in milliseconds ... Knowing how long reactions would take without enzymes allows biologists to appreciate their evolution as prolific catalysts, Wolfenden said ... It also enables scientists to compare enzymes with artificial catalysts produced in the laboratory. (EurekAlert!)
Reducing Pollution: Green Future For Scrap Iron Nov 8, 2008
7, 2008) Take a close look at that cheap piece of scrap iron before you toss it in the trash. Wei-xian Zhang has a good use for it. (Science Daily)
Sara Lee interviewed bankers on household personal care but halted effort Nov 4, 2008
The only catalyst for the company to sell a large unit at this time would be to finance a large buy in an area it has decided to grow, the first industry source added. The division includes mostly European and other non-US brands such as Sanex body soap, Kiwi shoe polish, and Ambi Pur air freshener. (FT.com -- Markets)
Fuels of the future may come from 'ice that burns,' water and sunshine Nov 4, 2008
D., of the Massachusetts Institute of Technology, who describes the development of a catalyst that can cheaply and efficiently split water into hydrogen and oxygen. The development could lead to cars that are, in essence, powered by water. (EurekAlert!)
Formula One steers clear of the money crisis Nov 1, 2008
But, in a sign of how unconcerned the sport's participants are, the financial crisis has also served as a catalyst for Formula One to continue doing what, apart from racing, it does best: fight political power games. "Using the current environment of financial crisis, people could take a political advantage and try to apply unnecessary pressure," John Howett, president of the Toyota team, said on Oct. 10 at the Japanese Grand Prix at Mount Fuji. (International Herald Tribune -- Sports)
Lessons of Iraq Nov 1, 2008
This recognition was a catalyst for the difficult decisions that led to a change in strategy and the increase in the number of troops. Likewise, NATO, in coordination with the Afghan government, the European Union and the United Nations, should convene a strategic assessment team that represents a wide range of viewpoints and includes academic experts as well as diplomatic and military personnel. (International Herald Tribune -- Ed/Op)
Now reduce food craving, burn calories Oct 30, 2008
The researchers observed during the study that the antibody catalyst GHR-11E11 led to a higher metabolic rate in fasting mice, and suppressed feeding following 24-hour food deprivation. "Our study showed that this novel catalytic ghrelin antibody could specifically seek out and degrade ghrelin," said Janda, who is Ely R. Callaway, Jr. Professor of Chemistry, member of The Skaggs Institute for Chemical Biology, and director, Worm Institute of Research and Medicine (WIRM), at Scripps Research. (Times of India)
Growing PRWT taps a new leader Oct 29, 2008
Johnson said the acquisition of Cherokee was the catalyst for his move to step away from the daily operations of the company ... Epps said he expects the Cherokee plant to be a catalyst for the company s growth. (Philadelphia Business Journal, PA)
Fight Obesity With New Antibody That Degrades Appetite Stimulant? Oct 29, 2008
In the study, which was led by investigators Kim Janda and Eric P. Zorrilla of The Scripps Research, the antibody catalyst GHR-11E11 led to a higher metabolic rate in fasting mice and suppressed feeding following 24-hour food deprivation. "Our study showed that this novel catalytic ghrelin antibody could specifically seek out and degrade ghrelin," said Janda, who is Ely R. Callaway, Jr. Professor of Chemistry, member of The Skaggs Institute for Chemical Biology, and director, Worm Institute of... (Science Daily)
Albemarle Reports Third Quarter 2008 Results Oct 28, 2008
9 million as strong performance in the Company's Fine Chemicals business segment and reductions in corporate expenses were partially offset by declines in the Catalysts and Polymer Additives business segments ... 07 per share), principally in the Catalysts and Fine Chemicals segments due to incremental costs and margin on lost revenue ... Catalysts generated net sales for the third quarter of 2008 of $231. (PR Newswire)
Secret Lives Of Catalysts Revealed Oct 28, 2008
27, 2008) The first-ever glimpse of nanoscale catalysts in action could lead to improved pollution control and fuel cell technologies. Scientists from the U.S. Department of Energy s Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory observed catalysts restructuring themselves in response to various gases swirling around them, like a chameleon changing its color to match its surroundings ... Until now, scientists have had to rely on snapshots of catalysts taken before and after a reaction, never during. (Science Daily)
Icahn Ally Jana's Activism Loses Its Punch as Hedge Fund's Profit Run Ends Oct 25, 2008
Rosenstein says Jana is always on the lookout for a catalyst -- say, a possible merger -- that will lift a beaten-down stock ... Finding a catalyst to drive up the price, he says, is just as important as ever. (Bloomberg)
Chinese fab-tool maker nabs $58 million in funding Oct 23, 2008
Previous investors that participated in this round included Walden International, Lightspeed Venture Partners, Goldman Sachs, Redpoint Ventures, Global Catalyst Partners, Interwest Partners, Bay Partners, QUALCOMM Ventures and KT Venture Group, AMEC said. AMEC, which has 250 employees and a manufacturing site in Shanghai, had previously secured about $111 million in funding from entities including Qualcomm, Samsung, Walden, Lightspeed , Goldman Sachs and others. (EETimes)
U2 eclipse Mariah Carey at Grammys Oct 14, 2008
we have a thriving arts community, serving as a catalyst in the development of a strong arts movement and in the preservation of our mountain heritage. nc. (Yahoo News -- Grammy Awards)
Soybeans, coconuts to power jets Oct 12, 2008
In other words, the engineers heat the plant oils in the presence of an undisclosed catalyst to create a slew of petroleum products. In fact, the process is not unlike conventional oil refining in that it produces everything from the kerosene used as aviation fuel to regular gasoline. (India Times, India)
State's rapid-response vehicle helps specialists assess risks during emergencies Oct 10, 2008
"Danvers was the catalyst for this," said Richard Chalpin, director of the Department of Environmental Protection's northeast regional office in Wilmington ... An oxidation catalyst reduces the amount of nitrogen oxide from emissions. (Boston Globe)
ThalesNano, Inc. Forms Collaborations with Leading US Universities based on the Award Winning H-Cube(R) and H-Cube Midi(TM) Oct 7, 2008
The H-Cube Hydrogenation Reactor is a bench-top standalone device, uniquely combining continuous-flow chemistry with endogenous hydrogen generation and a disposable catalyst cartridge system. At about a foot wide, and with the flexibility to use a vastly extended range of conditions compared to traditional techniques without any safety concerns, the H-Cube system is ideally suited to educational and to academic research laboratories. (PR Newswire)
Discovering drugs, biofuels in tropical seas Oct 7, 2008
OHSU serves as a catalyst for the region's bioscience industry and is an incubator of discovery, averaging one new breakthrough or innovation every 2. 7 days, with more than 4,100 research projects currently under way. (EurekAlert!)
Tech.view: Land of milk and money Oct 4, 2008
Industrially, melamine is usually made by heating urea in the presence of a catalyst. Because large amounts of ammonia and carbon dioxide are given off in the process, most modern plants now combine melamine production with urea production, which uses ammonia and carbon dioxide as feedstocks. (The Economist)
Using Plants Instead of Petroleum to Make Jet Fuel Oct 3, 2008
Although he declined to explain the exact details of the process, Wocken says it is thermocatalytic in other words, the engineers heat the plant oils in the presence of an undisclosed catalyst to create a slew of petroleum products. In fact, the process is not unlike conventional oil refining in that it produces everything from the kerosene used as to regular gasoline. (Scientific American)
Quantum measurements, precisely Sep 25, 2008
They have studied a large industrial catalyst molecule containing palladium metal and chemical groups packed with fluorine atoms. This compound is not amenable to the analyst's usual tool of choice, mass spectrometry (MS). (EurekAlert! -- Business News)
Steam Heat: Researchers Gear Up For Full-scale Hydrogen Plant Sep 23, 2008
27, 2008) A team of Australian and American researchers has developed a catalyst that effectively catalyzes the photooxidation of water. The core of the catalyst is a manganese-containing complex modeled after. (Science Daily)
Introducing The Next Generation Of Chemical Reactors Sep 22, 2008
These changes could in turn alter transport properties such as thermal conductivity and viscosity, and catalyst activity and hence regulate the reactions. Professor Ding also believes that these systems also have the potential to eliminate the risk of runaway , where a chemical reaction goes out of control. (Science Daily)
NCT: LETTERS, Sept. 19, 2008 Sep 20, 2008
Reardon did not have the intellectual firepower to participate, except to introduce report, act as a catalyst -- and pick up the check. I know some very bright people. (North County Times)
Gulf Chemical and Metallurgical Corporation Weathers Hurricane Ike Sep 19, 2008
Gulf Chemical lurgical Corporation's spent catalyst recycling plant, located in Freeport, escaped without significant damage ... Receiving of spent catalysts from Gulf Chemical's refining customers has resumed and production has restarted on a limited basis. (PR Newswire)
New Mechanism To Produce Energy From Biomass Sep 18, 2008
It will use a nanotechnology-based catalyst to produce. (Oct. (Science Daily)
MetalCORP Contracts SGS Lakefield to Process Mini-bulk Sample for Metallurgical Testing and Hires AMEC to Prepare a Resource Calculation on Playter Molybdenum-Rhenium Deposit Sep 17, 2008
The metal is mainly used in high temperature super-alloy turbine blades in jet engines, land based gas powered turbines and petroleum-reforming Platinum-Rhenium catalysts. Demand as a catalyst is also expected to increase over the next few years in areas such as technology that converts natural gas to liquid to transport Liquid Natural Gas (LNG) to markets around the world. (CCNMatthews Press Releases)
BASF buys Swiss specialty chemicals maker Ciba Sep 15, 2008
The deal, another step in the industry's consolidation as costs and raw material prices rise and asset prices fall, would be one of biggest takeovers ever made by BASF. It bought the U.S. catalyst maker Engelhard for about 3. 8 billion in 2006. (International Herald Tribune -- Business)
Magnolia State power Sep 14, 2008
The compounds are known as catalysts, and about six weeks ago, Gajjella hit on a good one. "He has developed the catalyst and a method," Steele said. (Northeast Mississippi Daily Journal)
A tip of the hat to peacemakers Sep 11, 2008
Buys Cisco Catalyst 6500 CSM / SSL Bundles. www. (Yahoo News)
Educate masses to avoid Singurs Sep 10, 2008
In 2007, Nandigram was being considered for a chemical SEZ. Since then, instead of emerging as a catalyst for West Bengals industrial growth, the town has slipped deep into the Sunderbans and may be remembered now, only in business school case studies for its protesting and clashing farmers. Apparently pleased with their success at preserving the natural beauty of Nandigram, political parties are now conspiring to repeat the show at Singur, just 35 Km away from Kolkata. (India Times)
A Light Bulb And A Few Chemicals: Scientists Find A Way To Help Make New Reactions Sep 8, 2008
The method brings together two different fields of chemistry -- organic catalysis and inorganic photoredox catalysis and involves combining two different compounds and two different catalysts. "There are two interwoven catalytic cycles where everything is happening at just the right time," MacMillan said. (Science Daily)
Obituaries for Sept. 7, 2008 Sep 7, 2008
Mr. Dimeler was a past member of the American Chemical Society; American Institute for Chemists; Philadelphia Catalyst Club; Rubber Division of the American Chemical Society; Sports Car Club of America; Quarter Midget Club of America; and various local racing clubs. He was a former member of St. Peter's Church in Middletown, Sts. (The Delaware County Times, PA)
Iowa State to lead biorenewable effort Sep 6, 2008
The center will focus on developing catalysts promoting the chemical reactions that can efficiently produce biorenewable chemicals ... The petrochemical industry has been developing catalysts and other technologies for producing fuels and chemicals from fossil fuel molecules for about 80 years, he said ... Researchers working with bio-based molecules are just starting to develop the catalysts and technologies necessary to produce chemicals. (Mid Iowa Enterprise, IA)
NIST and partners identify tiny gold clusters as top-notch catalysts Sep 6, 2008
Electron micrographs showing inactive (left) and active (right) catalysts consisting of gold particles absorbed on iron oxide ... Surface science studies have suggested that there is a critical size range at which gold nanocrystals supported by iron oxide become highly active as catalysts for CO oxidation ... However, the theory is based on research using idealized catalyst models made of gold absorbed on titanium oxide. (EurekAlert!)
Add light to get a new chemical Sep 5, 2008
WASHINGTON: Add light to an ordinary chemical reaction being helped by a catalyst and hey presto, you have a new compound. Princeton University scientists are harnessing the potential of light bulbs, effectively using two catalysts to help create materials from new kinds of chemical reactions ... The method brings together two different fields of chemistry - organic catalysis and inorganic photoredox catalysis and combining two different compounds and two different catalysts. (India Times, India -- Health/Science)
Scientists peel away the mystery behind gold's catalytic prowess Sep 5, 2008
But for all of its popular uses money, medals, jewelry and more gold's potential as a catalyst lay hidden until the 1980s, when Masatake Haruta and Graham Hutchings independently discovered that gold, which had long been considered inactive, could be an extraordinarily good catalyst ... In the two decades since Haruta's discovery, scientists have sought to determine exactly how gold nanoparticles function as catalysts ... The researchers, using aberration-corrected transmission electron... (EurekAlert!)
G4G Resources Forms Subsidiary Company to Produce Ultra-Clean Transportation Fuels Using the Fischer Tropsch Process Sep 4, 2008
Initial work has been completed by Magnetite Holdings to produce a chemical grade iron catalyst for sale to coal, gas and biomass converters using the Fischer Tropsch (FT) process to produce ultra-clean diesel and gasoline. About COMPS. (CCNMatthews Press Releases)
Researchers grow nano-scale wire nets Sep 4, 2008
The researchers reported that the nanonets grew spontaneously from the bottom-up through simple chemical reactions, unprovoked by a catalyst. Working in two dimensions, Wang's team including post doctoral researcher Xiaohua Liu and graduate students Sa Zhou and Yongjing Lin produced a web that under a microscope resembles a tree with all branches growing in the same perpendicular direction from the trunk. (EETimes)
Divorce gene lead to tensed marriage Sep 3, 2008
They say the gene plays an important role in determining how the brain responds to a chemical that acts as a catalyst in the bonding process between man and woman. The discovery raises the possibility that scientists could one day develop drugs to target the gene in an attempt to prevent marriages from falling apart, reports the Telegraph. (India Times, India -- Health/Science)
Teflon: Chemists Break Harmful Bonds Sep 3, 2008
In a groundbreaking study in the journal Science, Brandeis scientists report they have identified a catalyst that efficiently breaks the C-F bond and converts it to a carbon-hydrogen bond, rendering it harmless to the environment ... The silylium catalyst performs the critical task of breaking the C-F bond by abstracting the fluoride from the fluorocarbon and attaching it to a silicon atom ... "Conversion of PFCs remains a challenge, and our research efforts are directed at designing even more... (Science Daily)
Poly Products Ghana Limited introduces degradable plastic bags Aug 30, 2008
He said the chemical used in producing these bags was formally used only in agriculture and acts as a catalyst in decomposing the bags and noted that they could also be reused as well as be recycled. Mr Bowte said the products was available for sale in the local market and named specifically, Shoprite at the Accra Shopping Mall and urged the public to patronise it to help solve the plastic menace. (Ghana Web, Ghana)
Voyager Petroleum Extends Detroit Facility Capabilities to Include Processing of BioDiesel Byproducts Aug 29, 2008
The initial processing includes what management believes to be an eco-friendly separation of glycerin, fatty-acids and biodiesel, the neutralization of the catalyst involved in biodiesel production, and the removal of water and alcohol. Voyager has successfully laboratory tested the process and has started processing, producing results that comply with a specific customer's requirements. (Primezone Releases)
Catalyst For Water Oxidation Adopted From Plants: A Means For Energy-efficient Production Of Hydrogen? Aug 28, 2008
Catalyst For Water Oxidation Adopted From Plants: A Means For Energy-efficient Production Of Hydrogen ... Catalyst For Water Oxidation Adopted From Plants: A Means For Energy-efficient Production Of Hydrogen ... A team of Australian and American researchers has now developed a catalyst that effectively catalyzes one of the necessary half reactions, the photooxidation of water. (Science Daily)
Air-purifying Church Windows Were Early Nanotechnology Aug 26, 2008
"For centuries people appreciated only the beautiful works of art, and long life of the colours, but little did they realise that these works of art are also, in modern language, photocatalytic air purifier with nanostructured gold catalyst," Professor Zhu said. He said tiny particles of gold, energised by the sun, were able to destroy air-borne pollutants like volatile organic chemical (VOCs), which may often come from new furniture, carpets and paint in good condition. (Science Daily)
Betting on a hot market for syngas Aug 25, 2008
InEnTec applied the method to solid waste, producing a syngas, then introducing a catalyst to change the gas into liquid, which can be blended with gasoline. InEnTec and a partner, Fulcrum BioEnergy Inc. of California, recently said they plan to break ground on a $120 million plant near Reno, Nev. (Boston Globe)
Scientist seeks quicker Tamiflu Aug 25, 2008
The secret is in a catalyst developed in the Corey lab ... But the catalyst that makes the whole approach possible is almost identical to one already widely used to make the asthma treatment Advair - one of GlaxoSmithKline's top selling products. (Yahoo News -- Influenza)
Addiction Treatment Proves Successful In Animal Weight Loss Study Aug 25, 2008
Vigabatrin is now being commercialized by Catalyst Pharmaceutical Partners, which is currently conducting two FDA-approved Phase II trials. This research was funded by the National Institute on Drug Abuse at the National Institutes of Health and by the Office of Biological and Environmental Research within DOE's Office of Science. (Science Daily)
China's Olympics of opposites offer glint of hope Aug 23, 2008
"The reality is that the Chinese government's hosting of the games has been a catalyst for abuses, leading to massive forced evictions, a surge in the arrest, detention and harassment of critics, repeated violations of media freedom, and increased political repression.". Among the Chinese, there is hope the goodwill generated by the games will combine with the generosity of spirit China witnessed following the Sichuan earthquake in May to produce a gentler but more confident China. (Irish Times)
LETTERS: NCT, Aug, 22, 2008 Aug 23, 2008
So I would say that others blogs were the catalyst to a change in views. I like to think that maybe I have done the same for other bloggers on here to help open their eyes to a different point of view. (North County Times)
Improved Technique Determines Structure In Membrane Proteins Aug 23, 2008
12, 2005) As researchers at Pacific Northwest National Laboratory investigated the hydrogen storage capabilities of amine borane compounds, they knew that a rhodium catalyst readily releases hydrogen from the. (July 10, 2008) The term MRI scan brings to mind the gigantic, expensive machines that are installed in hospitals. (Science Daily)
Albemarle Scientists Named 'Heroes of Chemistry' Aug 22, 2008
Aug. 21 /PRNewswire-FirstCall/ -- Twelve scientists from specialty chemical maker Albemarle Corporation (NYSE: ) and ExxonMobil Research and Engineering Company (NYSE: ) were honored by the American Chemical Society (ACS) in a special ceremony Sunday night as "Heroes of Chemistry" for their work in the development of NEBULA(R) catalyst, a unique and more environmentally sustainable catalyst for the production of cleaner diesel fuels ... Albemarle President, CEO and Chairman Mark Rohr said, "We... (PR Newswire)
A Better Way To Make Hydrogen From Biofuels Aug 22, 2008
A new catalyst makes hydrogen from ethanol with 90 percent yield, at a workable temperature, and using inexpensive ingredients. Umit Ozkan, professor of chemical and biomolecular engineering at Ohio State University, said that the new catalyst is much less expensive than others being developed around the world, because it does not contain precious metals, such as platinum or rhodium ... "Rhodium is used most often for this kind of catalyst, and it costs around 9,000 an ounce," Ozkan said. (Science Daily)
New Instrument To Control The Size Of Nanoclusters Could Lead To Reduced Pollution From Petroleum Products Aug 22, 2008
Patterson and her Brookhaven colleagues created model nanocatalysts of molybdenum sulfide, the first step in developing the next generation of materials to be used in hydrodesulfurization, a process that removes sulfur, a pollutant, from natural gas and petroleum products ... "The most reactive nanocluster of those that we tested had six atoms of molybdenum and eight atoms of sulfur. It readily absorbed sulfur and let go of carbon monoxide, which makes it an effective catalyst." ... They created... (Science Daily)
Green Catalysts Provide Promise For Cleaning Toxins And Pollutants Aug 21, 2008
20, 2008) Tetra-Amido Macrocyclic Ligands (TAMLs) are environmentally friendly catalysts with a host of applications for reducing and cleaning up pollutants, and a prime example of "green chemistry." Carnegie Mellon University's Terry Collins, the catalyst's inventor, believes that the small-molecule catalysts have the potential to be even more effective than previously proven ... Collins discussed how iron-TAMLs (Fe-TAMLs) work and areas for further research, citing evidence from mechanistic... (Science Daily)
Australia may face 'Asia nuclear threat' Aug 20, 2008
" Much would depend on the growing economic and political might of China, as well as how the United States dealt with its diminishing global stature, and how this impacted on its role in the Asia Pacific. Prof Dibb suggested the catalyst for such a major shift in the nuclear status quo would be Japanese concern over a US withdrawal from the region. "Japan (goes nuclear) only if it loses confidence in the American alliance," he said. "And if Japan develops a nuclear weapon, China would... (Sydney Morning Herald -- Australia)
Novel Fungus Helps Beetles To Digest Hard Wood Aug 20, 2008
Elevated CO2 is considered to be a serious catalyst of global change. (Aug. (Science Daily)
Would be we better off without religion? Aug 19, 2008
" No one knows how the universe came into existence. That's the point. No one knows, but all religions push their own theories as if they are undeniable fact. And you're saying we're going to be in trouble later on. I could produce 20 people from different religions to say the same thing about you, since you don't believe what they do. The whole thing's absurd. Posted by: Timaahy on August 19, 2008 12:22 PM Education is the key - all schools should teach all kids about each religion and let them... (Sydney Morning Herald -- Australia)
Catalyst mystery unlocked Aug 19, 2008
New model brings USC chemists closer to 'holy grail' of catalyst design. Different keys are not supposed to fit the same lock, but in biological systems multiple versions of a catalyst all make a reaction go, according to a new study that explains the phenomenon ... Scheduled for online publication in PNAS Early Edition sometime after Aug. 18, the study challenges entrenched ideas about the workings of catalysts. (EurekAlert!)
Breakthrough to make cheap hydrogen fuel possible Aug 18, 2008
"Normally insoluble in water, when we bound t 00004000 he catalyst within the pores of the Nafion membrane, it was stabilised against decomposition and, importantly, water could reach the catalyst where it was oxidised on exposure to light.". This process of "oxidising" water generates protons and electrons, which can be converted into hydrogen gas instead of carbohydrates as in plants. (Economic Times)
Monash team learns from nature to split water Aug 17, 2008
"Normally insoluble in water, when we bound the catalyst within the pores of the Nafion membrane, it was stabilised against decomposition and, importantly, water could reach the catalyst where it was oxidised on exposure to light." ... Testing revealed the catalyst assembly was still active after three days of continuous use, producing oxygen and hydrogen gas in the presence of water, an electrical potential and visible light. (EurekAlert!)
Supes override citizens' will Aug 16, 2008
The situation is simple and clear; they strongly reference "international borders," "aggression against sovereign nations," "disproportionate force." These worthy tenets are the catalyst for their reactions. Yet one wonders how solid would be their will if the situation were somewhat altered, if the "aggressor" were one of our allies and the oppressed a people we don't care about. (San Francisco Chronicle -- Opinion)
