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The archaea are probably the major source of methane emanating from rice fields, contributing up to a quarter of global emissions of the gas ... The archaea live in the soil, in amongst the root system of the rice plant ... The archaea are an ancient branch of microbial life on Earth first identified by scientists in 1977. (BBC News -- Science)
Molecular DNA Switch Found To Be The Same For All Life Jul 18, 2006
Researchers with the U.S. Department of Energy s Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory and the University of California at Berkeley have shown that the core machinery for initiating DNA replication is the same for all three domains of life - Archaea, Bacteria and Eukarya ... Taken with earlier research that identified AAA+ proteins at the heart of the DNA replication initiator in archaea organisms, these new findings indicate that DNA replication is an ancient event that evolved millions of... (Science Daily)
Life Cycle Of Operons Yields New Look At Bacterial Genetics Jul 7, 2006
Operons are widespread in the genomes of all prokaryotes, archaea as well as bacteria. In the typical prokaryote genome, about half of all the protein-coding genes are located in operons. (Science Daily)
Gut Microbes' Partnership Helps Body Extract Energy From Food, Store It As Fat Jun 20, 2006
"We are superorganisms containing a mixture of not just human cells but also bacterial cells and cells of another microscopic domain of life known as Archaea," says senior author Jeffrey Gordon, M.D., the Dr. Robert J. Glaser Distinguished University Professor. "As adults, the number of these bacterial and archaeal microbial cells exceeds the number of our human cells by tenfold. The genes present in this community of 10-100 trillion bugs vastly outnumber our own genes and are a key part of our... (Science Daily)
Report Focuses On The Role Good Microbes Play In Future Medicine Jun 11, 2006
(April 23, 2004) -- Even biology majors may not have heard much about archaea. Now researchers at the Stanford University School of Medicine have for the first time tied a specific disease to one of these unfamiliar. (Science Daily)
Construction of phylogenetic trees by kernel-based comparative analysis of metabolic networks Jun 6, 2006
We applied the kernel-based network profiling method in a comparative analysis of nine carbohydrate metabolic networks from 81 biological species encompassing Archaea, Eukaryota, and Eubacteria. The resulting phylogenetic hierarchies generally support the tripartite scheme of three domains rather than the two domains of prokaryotes and eukaryotes. (BioMed Central)
Microbes do vital work in human gut Jun 3, 2006
Bacteria and Archaea service their human hosts by handling a variety of gut functions, such as metabolizing sugars and amino acids and synthesizing essential vitamins, according to a metagenomic analysis published in this week's ... DeLong, EF. "Archaeal mysteries of the deep revealed." PNAS, April 25, 2006. (The Scientist)
Scientists study the ecosystem in our gut Jun 2, 2006
They also found a surprising number of Archaea, also known as archaebacteria, single-celled organisms that are genetically distinct from bacteria. Such organisms are often found in extreme environments such as hot springs. (MSNBC -- Technology)
Joint Genome Institute Finishes 100th Microbial Genome May 24, 2006
The microbes sequenced by DOE JGI, both single-celled and those multi-celled organisms invisible to the naked eye, cross all main branches of the tree of life: Eubacteria, Archaea, and even the Eukaryota, which include microscopic fungi, plants, and animals. The 100th microbial genome, a project originally proposed by Dr. Kevin Sowers of the Center of Marine Biotechnology at the University of Maryland Biotechnology Institute (UMBI), is Methanosarcina barkeri fusaro, a methane-producing organism... (Science Daily)
Can evolution make things less complicated? May 19, 2006
They look like the souped-up versions of simpler cells such as bacteria and their distant cousins called archaea. Many researchers think eukaryotes are the descendants of either bacteria or archaea, or some combination of the two ... Instead, the data suggest that eukaryote cells with all their bells and whistles are probably as ancient as bacteria and archaea, and may have even appeared first, with bacteria and archaea appearing later as stripped-down versions of eukaryotes, according to David... (MSNBC -- Technology)
Tips from the journals of the American Society for Microbiology Apr 15, 2006
Archaea Identified As Possible Human Pathogen. For the first time German researchers have linked Archaea to infectious diseases in humans by identifying it as a possible cause of endodontic infections ... Archaea, one of the three domains of life, has previously been recognized as a component of human microbiota, but not as a cause of human disease. (EurekAlert!)
Enzyme crystal structure reveals 'unexpected' genome repair functions Apr 7, 2006
The research looked at XPB helicase from an archaea, a single cell organism similar to bacteria. Helicases are enzymes that unwind or separate the strands of the nucleic acid double helix, an action that is critical to transcription and nucleotide excision repair (NER), as well as other cell processes. (EurekAlert!)
A Phylogenomic Profile of Globins Apr 7, 2006
A census of globins in 26 archaeal, 245 bacterial and 49 eukaryote genomes was carried out. Only ~25% of archaea have globins, including globin coupled sensors, related single domain globins and 2-over-2 globins ... Although Bacteria have all three types of globins, Archaea do not have flavohemoglobins and Eukaryotes lack globin coupled sensors. (BioMed Central)
Paths of lateral gene transfer of lysyl-aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases with a unique evolutionary transition stage of prokaryotes coding for class I and II varieties by the same organisms Mar 13, 2006
We applied a phylogenetic approach for determining the extent and origin of LGT in prokaryotic LysRS. Reconstructing species trees for Archaea and Bacteria, and inferring that their last common ancestors encoded LysRS1 and LysRS2, respectively, we studied the gains and losses of both classes. A complex pattern of LGT events emerged. (BioMed Central)
DNA From The Deep Mar 10, 2006
They compared DNA from marine microbes to DNA from salt pond microbes (archaea) and discovered a new type of photosynthetic pigment, which they called proteorhodopsin. This eventually led to the discovery that marine microbes can obtain energy from the sun through photosynthesis. (Science Daily)
Undersea microbes active but living on the slow side Feb 21, 2006
The populations of interest are two groups of Archaea tiny bacteria-like organisms that are often found in extreme environments such as deep-sea hot vents, inside cows or termites or in deep sediments ... The presence of a specific sequence of 16S rRNA distinguishes the types of Archaea and the analysis also identifies Archaea that are active, excluding inactive cells and fossils ... "Other researchers have found DNA analysis of sediments from some sites to indicate that the majority of... (EurekAlert!)
Common Enzyme Is A Key Player In DNA Repair Jan 18, 2006
"It's probably a kind of damage that all cells encounter frequently in life. Walker and colleagues found that DinB's unique ability to repair DNA damage extends to mice and archaea, an ancient and diverse group of single-celled organisms. In nearly every organism, they believe, the same specialized enzyme is poised to patch over a certain kind of blemish so that it does not permanently damage the genome. The DinB gene and its protein product were first discovered in Walker's lab in 1980, long... (Science Daily)
NEWSWEEK INTERNATIONAL EDITIONS: Highlights and Exclusives, Jan. 23, 2006 Issue Jan 16, 2006
Your gut is oozing with 750 trillion bacteria and archaea, but those little guys are good for you, reports Assistant Editor Mary Carmichael. The microbes in your gut have genes of their own, and, as scientists are now learning, those genes are essential to the body's functioning -- they help the immune system ward off more-dangerous bugs; they break down nutrients; they may even manipulate how the body stores fat. (PR Newswire)
NEWSWEEK MEDIA LEAD SHEET/January 16, 2006 Issue (on newsstands Monday, January 9) Jan 9, 2006
" (p. 62). You may use antibacterial dish soap and wash your hands every time you sneeze, but your gut is oozing with 750 trillion bacteria and archaea, and there's very little you can do about it, reports Assistant Editor Mary Carmichael. Then again, you probably wouldn't want to do anything about it, because those little guys are good for you. The microbes in your gut have genes of their own, and, as scientists are now learning, those genes are essential to the body's functioning -- they help... (PR Newswire)
Gut Flora? Great! Jan 8, 2006
Gordon, the director of the Center for Genome Sciences at Washington University in St. Louis, studies bacteria and ancient forms of single-celled life called archaeaand no matter how clean you think you are, your gut would make him a pretty good laboratory. It's oozing with 750 trillion bacteria and archaea, and there's very little you can do about it. (Newsweek--Society)
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