The vasculature emerges as a potential therapeutic target in treating ADPKD liver cysts Sep 24, 2009
Dr. Nick Barry, a biophysicist, and Dr. Ryan McWilliams, a medical resident, employed complimentary imaging techniques to visualize and characterize the vasculature within native liver cyst walls of human ADPKD patients and pkd2(WS25/-) mice, an orthologous mouse model of ADPKD. Kelley Brodsky, a senior research associate, and Dr. Claudia Amura, a cell biologist, then used in vitro assays of endothelial cell proliferation and vascular development to demonstrate that human liver cyst fluids,... (EurekAlert!)
How To Make A Lung Sep 22, 2009
The ability of Wnt to program esophagus and stomach endoderm to a lung fate points to the critical role this pathway plays in lung development and suggests the possible use of Wnt in generating lung epithelium from non-lung sources. First author Ashley Goss is a graduate student in the Morrisey lab and co-author Terry P. Yamaguchi, National Cancer Institute, made one of the knockout mice. (Science Daily)
Conserved repertoire of orthologous vomeronasal type 1 receptor genes in ruminant species. Sep 15, 2009
Furthermore, all goat V1Rs examined thus far are expressed not only in the vomeronasal organ but also in the main olfactory epithelium ... Furthermore, all identified goat V1Rs are expressed in the vomeronasal organ and the main olfactory epithelium, suggesting that V1R-mediated ligand information can be detected and processed by both the main and accessory olfactory systems. (BioMed Central)
Major Clinical Study Rejects Cancer Safety Fears Of Most Common Heartburn Treatment Sep 12, 2009
BE is marked by changes in the cells of the oesophagus lining (squamous epithelium) that makes them more like the cells of the intestines (columnar epithelium). As well as increasing the risk of oesophageal cancer, the condition narrows the oesophagus and patients can experience pain whilst swallowing. (Science Daily)
Anti-oncogenic and pro-differentiation effects of clorgyline, a monoamine oxidase A inhibitor, on high grade prostate cancer cells Aug 20, 2009
Monoamine oxidase A (MAO-A), a mitochondrial enzyme that degrades monoamines including neurotransmitters, is highly expressed in basal cells of the normal human prostatic epithelium and in poorly differentiated (Gleason grades 4 and 5), aggressive prostate cancer (PCa). Clorgyline, an MAO-A inhibitor, induces secretory differentiation of normal prostate cells. (BioMed Central)
Dr. Robert Lanza is Featured Guest on Deepak Chopra's SIRIUS XM Stars Radio Show Aug 14, 2009
ACTC hopes to file at least one application with the FDA this year to begin human clinical trials using retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) cells to treat macular degeneration and other retinal degenerative diseases. Lanza and Chopra also discuss "Biocentrism," and how life and consciousness are the keys to understanding the true nature of the universe. (Yahoo! Wire -- Entertainment News)
Vision 1 Year after Gene Therapy for Leber’s Congenital Amaurosis Aug 13, 2009
Patients with mutations in the gene encoding retinal pigment epithelium specific 65-kD protein (RPE65) had gains in vision within weeks after subretinal injection of a vector containing the gene in one eye. 2,3,4,5 At 1-year follow-up after gene therapy, the three young adult patients in our trial4,5 remained without serious adverse events. (New England Journal of Medicine)
Hopkins scientists find cells responsible for bladder cancer's spread Aug 7, 2009
They found that cancer cells displaying the marker were localized in an area at the intersection of two layers of cells known as epithelium and stroma, the place where bladder stem cells are typically located. Using cancer cell lines grown from other bladder cancer patients, the researchers separated cells displaying the stem cell marker from those without it and injected these two populations into different sets of mice. (EurekAlert!)
Male germ cells can be directly converted into other cell types Jul 29, 2009
The new method, recently developed at the University of Illinois, takes advantage of the unusual interaction of two tissue types: the epithelium and the mesenchyme. The epithelium lines the cavities and surfaces of glands and many organs and secretes enzymes and other factors that are essential to the function of these tissues ... In the 1950s, scientists discovered that the epithelium takes its developmental instructions from the mesenchyme. (EurekAlert!)
Characterisation of urokinase plasminogen activator receptor variants in human airway and peripheral cells Jul 28, 2009
The current aim was to determine key regulatory regions and splice variants of UPAR and quantify its expression in primary human tissues and cells (including lung, bronchial epithelium (HBEC), airway smooth muscle (HASM) and peripheral cells). Results. (BioMed Central)
New Lab Test Offers Better Prediction Of HIV Microbicide Safety Jul 24, 2009
In evaluating a microbicide's safety, researchers look primarily for signs that the chemical inflames cells of the vaginal lining, or epithelium. That could cause more harm than good: When the epithelium becomes inflamed, T cells flock to the damaged area which might actually encourage HIV infection, since T cells are the main targets of HIV. ... The cells of the vaginal epithelium normally are tightly packed together, forming an impermeable barrier to HIV. If a microbicide disrupts the... (Science Daily)
Common Cold Virus Efficiently Delivers Corrected Gene To Cystic Fibrosis Cells Jul 23, 2009
Zhang L, Button B, Gabriel SE, Burkett S, Yan Y, et al. CFTR Delivery to 25% of Surface Epithelial Cells Restores Normal Rates of Mucus Transport to Human Cystic Fibrosis Airway Epithelium. PLoS Biology, July 21, 2009; 7(7): e1000155 DOI. (Science Daily)
Genetic Breakthrough Spells Hope For Lung Fibrosis Patients Jul 10, 2009
The researchers found no evidence that infection or inflammation was the cause of accelerated IPF. They did find signs that the cells of the alveolar epithelium, the tissue that covers the surface of the lung's air sacs, were rapidly dying. "That could mean that drugs that are used to protect the epithelium in other illnesses, such as cancer, might help IPF patients survive an exacerbation. If we can keep them alive, there's a chance they could get a lifesaving lung transplant," study co-author... (MEDLINEplus)
Integrin alpha6B beta4 inhibits colon cancer cell proliferation and c-Myc activity Jul 9, 2009
Using variant-specific antibodies, we observed that alpha6A and alpha6B are differentially expressed both within the normal adult colonic epithelium and between normal and diseased colonic tissues. Proliferative cells located in the lower half of the glands were found to predominantly express alpha6A, while the differentiated and quiescent colonocytes in the upper half of the glands and surface epithelium expressed alpha6B. A relative decrease of alpha6B expression was also identified in primary... (BioMed Central)
Lutein: An Essential Nutrient for E... Jul 7, 2009
Lutein (and its isomer - zeaxanthin) absorbs and filters blue light which is damaging to the retinal pigment epithelium (RPE). The Retinal Epithelium Pigment is the cell layer that nourishes the retinal cells. (Suite101.com)
Pitt team first to profile genes in acutely ill idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis patients Jul 7, 2009
Instead, there were indications that the cells of the alveolar epithelium, which is the tissue that covers the surface of the air sacs, were rapidly dying. "That could mean that drugs that are used to protect the epithelium in other illnesses, such as cancer, might help IPF patients survive an exacerbation," said study co-author Kevin Gibson, M.D., associate professor in the Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine at Pitt School of Medicine and medical director of the Simmons... (EurekAlert!)
Common Diseases Of The Respiratory ... Jun 25, 2009
Lung cancers usually develop in the epithelium of airways, and the first signs of it are usually secondary growths in bones, liver or the brain. Treatment for lung cancer may be surgery to remove the cancer, chemotherapy and radiation therapy. (Suite101.com)
Human Embryonic Stem Cells Could Safely Treat Eye Diseases, Research Suggests Jun 16, 2009
ScienceDaily (June 15, 2009) Advanced Cell Technology, Inc. and its collaborators at OHSU reported today the long-term safety and efficacy of human embryonic stem cell (hESC)-derived retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) produced under manufacturing conditions suitable for human clinical trials. See also. (Science Daily)
Sleuths Follow Lung Stem Cells For Generations To Shed Light On Healing Jun 6, 2009
The Role of Scgb1a1 Clara Cells in the Long-Term Maintenance and Repair of Lung Airway, but Not Alveolar, Epithelium. Cell Stem Cell, 2009; DOI. (Science Daily)
Candidate chemoreceptor subfamilies differentially expressed in the chemosensory organs of the mollusc Aplysia Jun 4, 2009
Secondary signaling component proteins Galphaq, Galphai, and Galphao are also expressed in the rhinophore sensory epithelium. Conclusion. (BioMed Central)
AGA Institute presents cutting-edge research during DDW May 29, 2009
ADAM10 is Required for Cell Lineage Specification of the Intestinal Epithelium. K. L. VanDussen et al. (8:05 a.m.). (EurekAlert!)
Contact lens stem cell sight aid May 29, 2009
In this study, all three patients had damage to the epithelium - the layer of cells covering the front of the cornea. Eye cells. (BBC News -- Health)
Tbx1 and Brn4 regulate retinoic acid metabolic genes during cochlear morphogenesis May 29, 2009
Tbx1 is expressed in the otic epithelium and adjacent periotic mesenchyme (POM), and both of these domains are required for inner ear formation ... To identify a potential signal from the POM to the otic epithelium, expression of retinoic acid (RA) catabolizing genes was examined in both mutants. (BioMed Central)
Radiofrequency Ablation — Great for Some or Justified for Many? May 28, 2009
1,2 This type of esophageal cancer develops from a precursor lesion known as Barrett's esophagus, a condition in which the normal squamous esophageal lining is replaced by columnar epithelium containing intestinal metaplasia. In a small subgroup of patients, Barrett's esophagus may undergo a transition from low-grade or high-grade dysplasia to esophageal adenocarcinoma. (New England Journal of Medicine)
Expression of miR-21 and its targets (PTEN, PDCD4, TM1) in flat epithelial atypia of the breast in relation to ductal carcinoma in situ and invasive carcinoma May 28, 2009
Results Two out of fifteen cases showed positive staining for miR-21 in normal breast ductal epithelium, seven out of fifteen cases were positive in the FEA component and nine out of twelve cases were positive in the DCIS component. A positive staining of miR-21 was observed in 15 of 17 IDC cases. (BioMed Central)
A novel marker of colorectal carcinoma May 23, 2009
There were significant differences between colorectal adenocarcinoma and normal control epithelium (P. The result indicated that testing TSPAN1 expression in tissues would be a useful tool to evaluate the prognosis of patients with colorectal cancer. (EurekAlert!)
University of Louisville researchers make stem-cell discovery May 22, 2009
Researchers found that stem cells removed from bone marrow were attracted to damaged retinal pigment epithelium, the pigmented cell layer just outside the retina. More research is needed to optimize the outcome and potential repair of damaged retinal pigment epithelium, researcher Suzanne Ildstad said in the release. (Louisville Business First, KY)
Geographic Atrophy in Age-Related Macular Degeneration and TLR3 May 21, 2009
They also show that the TLR3 genotype affects the sensitivity of human retinal pigment epithelial cells and the retinal pigment epithelium of mice to the proapoptotic effects of long double-stranded RNA (dsRNA), a recognized ligand of TLR3. The dsRNA that they used in these experiments is roughly 100 times the length of small interfering RNA (siRNA) molecules, and yet they conclude that the "results suggest a . . . [] --> --> --> --> --> --> | | | | | | | | | Comments and questions? Please . The... (New England Journal of Medicine)
Urine Test for Heart Disease Shows Promise May 1, 2009
"Collagen forms a fibrous cap on the epithelium, the lining of the arteries," Muehlen explained. "These fibrous caps produce collagen fragments.". (MEDLINEplus)
Rhinoviruses and the Common Cold Apr 19, 2009
This stimulates a response by the immune system, part of which involves widening of the local blood vessels and increased fluid secretion by glands underneath the respiratory epithelium. This pathophysiologic process produces the symptoms of the common cold. (Suite101.com)
Stem Cells Repair Damaged Corneas in Mice Apr 14, 2009
Stem cells are being used in clinical trials in humans to regenerate other eye tissues, including the epithelium, said Dr. Richard Bensinger, an American Academy of Ophthalmology spokesman. But he cautioned that the scar-like condition the mice have is different from scar tissue caused by an injury or infection in humans. (MEDLINEplus)
Soybean Component Reduces Menopause Effects Apr 12, 2009
Supplementary health benefits of soy aglycons of isoflavone by improvement of serum biochemical attributes, enhancement of liver antioxidative capacities and protection of vaginal epithelium of ovariectomized rats. Nutrition & Metabolism, (in press). (Science Daily)
Ambati study published in PNAS Apr 7, 2009
Ambati's lab also reported last year in the New England Journal of Medicine that siRNA is deleterious to other cell types, such as the retinal pigmented epithelium, which is involved in age-related macular degeneration. "This may be a broadly imprinted response in the mammalian immune system that is activated by siRNA," Ambati said. (EurekAlert!)
Malfunction of the respiratory epithelium is a cause of allergy? Apr 4, 2009
Malfunction of the respiratory epithelium is a cause of allergy ... Malfunction of the respiratory epithelium is a cause of allergy ... One reason for the development of allergy may be malfunction of the respiratory epithelium, which allows allergens to bind to, enter and travel through the epithelium. (EurekAlert!)
The Notch Gene Accelerates Colon Carcinogenesis Mar 25, 2009
The key factor is to maintain a balance between differentiation and proliferation in the intestinal epithelium. The Notch and Wnt signalling pathways are important in maintaining this balance, thereby ensuring normal development and organisation in the gut. (Science Daily)
Distinct gene subsets in pterygia formation and recurrence: dissecting complex biological phenomenon using genome wide expression data Mar 10, 2009
Immunofluorescence showed strong expression of keratin-6A in all layers, especially the superficial layers, of pterygium epithelium, but absent in the control, with up-regulation and nuclear accumulation of the cell adhesion molecule CD24 in the pterygium epithelium. Western blot shows increased protein expression of beta-microseminoprotein, a protein up-regulated in human cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma. (BioMed Central)
Scientists seek genes that make teeth grow all in a row Feb 27, 2009
Teeth ultimately erupt from a thickened band of tissue along the jaw line called the dental lamina, a band that forms in a top layer of the gum called the epithelium. Copyright 2009 Globe Newspaper Company. (Boston Globe)
Forget dentures: Why not grow new teeth? Feb 27, 2009
Teeth ultimately erupt from a thickened band of tissue along the jaw line called the dental lamina, a band that forms in a top layer of the gum called the epithelium. Scientists have long thought the signals for tooth formation must lie in that tissue layer as well. (MSNBC -- Health)
Scientists discover why teeth form in a single row Feb 27, 2009
Teeth develop from the epithelium and mesenchyme, two key tissue layers within the mammalian embryo. The first sign of tooth development in mammals is the thickening of the epithelium along the jaw line to form a band of cells called the dental lamina. (EurekAlert!)
Doctors plan voice box transplant Feb 27, 2009
" New hope Despite years of research, there has only ever been one voice box transplant in the US, and the patient still needed to breathe through a hole in his neck. But now there is the possibility that improved stem cell technology could make it a possibility to develop a voice box for transplantation. Tom Foot uses an artificial voice A similar technique was used last year to give Claudia Centillo an artificial windpipe. She was given a donated organ which was covered with her own stem cells... (BBC News -- Science)
Researchers Report Breakthrough In Human Papillomavirus Research Feb 26, 2009
Robust production and passaging of infectious HPV in squamous epithelium of primary human keratinocytes. Genes & Development, 2009; 23 (2): 181 DOI. (Science Daily)
Fluid Buildup In Lungs Is Part Of The Damage Done By The Flu Feb 17, 2009
All of these interactions take place in the epithelium, the lining of the airways in the lungs. Under normal conditions, sodium is absorbed from the lungs into the blood and carried away to be excreted by the kidneys. (Science Daily)
Sniffer-dogs Inspire Better Artificial Nose Feb 14, 2009
This is nature s solution to packing a large surface area in a small volume crucial for delivering odors to millions of olfactory receptors, specialized proteins embedded in the olfactory epithelium. Smelling occurs when odorant molecules bind to these receptors and produce signals that are interpreted by the brain. (Science Daily)
The cough-and-sniffle question: When to keep a child at home? Feb 11, 2009
And what really excites the experts is the possibility of instituting infection-control measures in the schools: hand-washing, hand-washing, hand-washing, but maybe also dispensers for hand sanitizer, faucets that turn on automatically, bathroom doors that open when you approach them all the strategies to reduce the chance that viral particles will make it onto a child s hand, and from there to the receptive epithelium of the nose or the eyes. It is precisely those kinds of infection-control... (Atlanta Journal-Constitution -- Health)
Inducible expression of beta defensins by human respiratory epithelial cells exposed to Aspergillus fumigatus organisms. Feb 11, 2009
The role of the airway epithelium involves a complex interaction with the inhaled pathogen ... Our findings provide evidence that respiratory epithelium might play an important role in the immune response during Aspergillus infection. (BioMed Central)
HIV Can Penetrate a Woman's Healthy Genital Skin Feb 7, 2009
The researchers labeled HIV viruses with photo-activated fluorescent tags and were able to track the viruses as they penetrated the outermost lining of the female genital tract (the squamous epithelium) in female human tissue obtained through hysterectomy and in animal models. The findings were expected to be presented Dec. 16 at the American Society for Cell Biology annual meeting, in San Francisco. (MEDLINEplus)
